Poliuretano materialen eta poliuretano produktuen teknologia berriak eta aplikazioak

Teknologia berriak eta aplikazioakpoliuretanoa materials and poliuretanoa products

Poliuretanoamaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce poliuretanoa products with different properties and properties.

Among rubber rubber types, there are poliuretanoa rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.

Gaur egun poliuretanozko materialak asko erabiltzen dira hainbat esparrutan. Adibidez, industria aeroespazialean, bertako produktu gogorrak, produktu bigunak eta aparreko produktuak metalezko materialak baino arinagoak dira, [oso garrantzitsuak hegazkinentzat], eta erresistentzia eta sukoitasun handia dute. , Tenperatura altuko eta tenperatura oso baxuko isolamendua, etab., Hegazkinen kaputxetarako, abiadura-balaztetarako, radometarako, hegazkinetako erregai deposituen betegarrietarako, erregaiaren kontsumoa kontrolatzeko lurrungailuetarako buiak, etab., Baita hainbat euskarri marko eta eserleku kuxinak barne dekoratzeko . Beroa kontserbatzeko erabiltzen da garraio industrian.Poliuretanoamaterialak materialak eta eserlekuko kuxinak, etxerako altzariak fabrikatzea eta are goi mailako helduen preserbatiboak eta pneumatikoak bereizten dira. Eta azkenaldian produktuak automobilgintzako shock xurgapenean eta moteltze osagarrietan erabiltzeak arreta gehiago erakarri du.

Although there are many types of poliuretanoa products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:

Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing poliuretanoa rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic poliuretanoa, galdaketa metodo baten bidez sor daiteke. Malgua hartuzpoliuretanoa foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of poliuretanoa flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.

Mota berri haupoliuretanoaapar malguak automobilak kolpeak xurgatzen dituzten piezak "urrats bakarreko" moldaketa prozesu aurreratua hartzen du, hau da, formulazioko lehengaien osagai guztiak, hala nola isozianatoa, poliol polimeroa, kate luzatzailea, katalizatzailea, aparraren egonkortzailea eta beste batzuk. formularen arabera neurtzen da, isozianatoa osagai bereizi gisa, eta hainbat agente laguntzaile, hala nola poliol polimeroa, ura, lehergailu osagarria, kate luzatzailea, surfaktantea, katalizatzailea, etab aurrez prestatzen dira osagai bakarrean, eta ondoren gehitu Gehitu erreakzio-ontzira eta gehitu ondoren apar aparra. Abiadura handiko nahastea eta nahasketa egin ondoren, apar-erreakzio prozesua egiten da. Urrats bakarreko produkzio prozesu hau bereziki egokia da forma konplexuak eta zehaztapen txikiak dituzten osagarriak prozesatzeko. Moldeatzeko metodoan, likido nahasia zuzenean forma korapilatsua duen molde batean injektatzen da, eta gero moldearen barrunbean aparra ematen du konformatzeko. Metodo honen bidez egindako produktuak. Zehaztapenak eta neurriak zehatzak dira, eta metalezko inkrustatutako produktu gisa ere erabil daiteke beharren arabera.

Poliuretanoaproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for poliuretanoa products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with poliuretanoa material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the poliuretanoa industry will have more room for development.